The Earth Our Habitat—Geography

Contents

1. The Earth in the Solar System
2. Globe : Latitudes and Longitudes
3. Motions of the Earth
4. Maps
5. Major Domains of the Earth
6. Major Landforms of the Earth
7. Our Country – India
8. India : Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife

Our Pasts I—History

Contents

1. WHAT, WHERE, HOW AND WHEN? 
2. ON THE TRAIL OF THE EARLIEST PEOPLE 
3. FROM GATHERING TO GROWING FOOD 
4. IN THE EARLIEST CITIES 
5. WHAT BOOKS AND BURIALS TELL US
6. KINGDOMS, KINGS AND AN EARLY REPUBLIC 
7. NEW QUESTIONS AND IDEAS
8. ASHOKA, THE EMPEROR WHO GAVE UP WAR 
9. VITAL VILLAGES, THRIVING TOWNS 
10. TRADERS, KINGS AND PILGRIMS 
11. NEW EMPIRES AND KINGDOMS 
12. BUILDINGS, PAINTINGS AND BOOKS

Social & Political Life – 1

Contents

1. Understanding Diversity
2. Diversity and Discrimination
3. What is Government?
4. Key Elements of a Democratic Government
5. Panchayat Raj
6. Rural Administration
7. Urban Administration
8. Rural Livelihoods
9. Urban Livelihoods

Contents

1. FOOD: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM?
2. COMPONENTS OF FOOD
3. FIBRE TO FABRIC
4. SORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS
5. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES
6. CHANGES AROUND US
7. GETTING TO KNOW PLANTS
8. BODY MOVEMENTS
9. THE LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS
10. MOTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES
11. LIGHT,SHADOWS AND REFLECTIONS
12. ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS
13. FUN WITH MAGNETS
14. WATER
15. AIR AROUND US
16. GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT

Our Environment—Geography

Contents

1. Environment 
2. Inside Our Earth 
3. Our Changing Earth 
4. Air 
5. Water 
6. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife 
7. Human Environment – Settlement,Transport and Communication
8. Human Environment Interactions The Tropical and the Subtropical Region
9. Life in the Temperate Grasslands 
10. Life in the Deserts

Our Pasts II—History

Contents

1. Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years
2. New Kings And Kingdoms 
3. The Delhi Sultans
4. The Mughal Empire
5. Rulers And Buildings
6. Towns, Traders And Craftspersons 
7. Tribes, Nomads And Settled Communities 
8. Devotional Paths To The Divine 
9. The Making Of Regional Cultures 
10. Eighteenth-Century Political Formations

Social and Political Life II

Contents

1. Unit One: Equality in Indian Democracy
   Chapter 1: On Equality
2. Unit Two: State Government
   Chapter 2: Role of the Government in Health
   Chapter 3: How the State Government Works
3. Unit Three: Gender
   Chapter 4: Growing up as Boys and Girls
   Chapter 5: Women Change the World
4. Unit Four: Media and Advertising
   Chapter 6: Understanding Media
   Chapter 7: Understanding Advertising
5. Unit Five: Markets
   Chapter 8: Markets Around Us
   Chapter 9: A Shirt in the Market
6. Equality in Indian Democracy (continued)
   Chapter 10: Struggles for Equality

Contents

1. Chapter 1
   Nutrition in Plants
2. Chapter 2
   Nutrition in Animals
3. Chapter 3
   Fibre to Fabric
4. Chapter 4
   Heat
5. Chapter 5
   Acids, Bases and Salts
6. Chapter 6
   Physical and Chemical Changes 
7. Chapter 7
   Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate
8. Chapter 8
   Winds, Storms and Cyclones 
9. Chapter 9
   Soil 
10. Chapter 10
    Respiration in Organisms
11. Chapter 11
    Transportation in Animals and Plants 
12. Chapter 12
    Reproduction in Plants
13. Chapter 13
    Motion and Time 
14. Chapter 14
    Electric Current and its Effects 
15. Chapter 15
    Light 
16. Chapter 16
    Water: A Precious Resource 
17. Chapter 17
    Forests: Our Lifeline 
18. Chapter 18
    Wastewater Story

Index

Our Pasts III

Contents

1. How, When and Where
2. From Trade to Territory
   The Company Establishes Power
3. Ruling the Countryside
4. Tribals, Dikus and the Vision
   of a Golden Age
5. When People Rebel
   1857 and After
6. Colonialism and the City
   The Story of an Imperial Capital

Our Pasts III

Contents

• 7. Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners
• 8. Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation
• 9. Women, Caste and Reform
• 10. The Changing World of Visual Arts
• 11. The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947
• 12. India After Independence

Social and Political Life III

Contents

1. Unit One: The Indian Constitution and Secularism
   Chapter 1: The Indian Constitution
   Chapter 2: Understanding Secularism
2. Unit Two: Parliament and The Making of Laws
   Chapter 3: Why do we need a Parliament?
   Chapter 4: Understanding Laws
3. Unit Three: The Judiciary
   Chapter 5: Judiciary
   Chapter 6: Understanding Our Criminal Justice System
4. Unit Four: Social Justice and The Marginalised
   Chapter 7: Understanding Marginalisation
   Chapter 8: Confronting Marginalisation
5. Unit Five: Economic Presence of the Government
   Chapter 9: Public Facilities
   Chapter 10: Law and Social Justice

Contents

1. Chapter 1
   CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
2. Chapter 2
   MICROORGANISMS : FRIEND AND FOE
3. Chapter 3
   SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND PLASTICS
4. Chapter 4
   MATERIALS : METALS AND NON-METALS
5. Chapter 5
   COAL AND PETROLEUM
6. Chapter 6
   COMBUSTION AND FLAME
7. Chapter 7
   CONSERVATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
8. Chapter 8
   CELL — STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
9. Chapter 9
   REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS
10. Chapter 10
    REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE
11. Chapter 11
    FORCE AND PRESSURE
12. Chapter 12
    FRICTION
13. Chapter 13
    SOUND
14. Chapter 14
    CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
15. Chapter 15
    SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA
16. Chapter 16
    LIGHT
17. Chapter 17
    STARS AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
18. Chapter 18
    POLLUTION OF AIR AND WATER

Index

(History)
India and the Contemporary World I

Contents

1. Section I: Events and Processes
   I. The French Revolution
   II. Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
   III. Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
2. Section II: Livelihoods, Economies and Societies
   IV. Forest Society and Colonialism
   V. Pastoralists in the Modern World
   VI. Peasants and Farmers
3. Section III: Everyday Life, Culture and Politics
   VII. History and Sport: The Story of Cricket
   VIII. Clothing: A Social History

Contemporary India—Geography I

Contents

1. CHAPTER 1
   India – Size and Location
2. CHAPTER 2
   Physical Features of India
3. CHAPTER 3
   Drainage
4. CHAPTER 4
   Climate
5. CHAPTER 5
   Natural Vegetation and Wild Life
6. CHAPTER 6
   Population

Democratic Politics I

Contents

1. CHAPTER I
   DEMOCRACY IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
2. CHAPTER 2
   WHAT IS DEMOCRACY?
   WHY DEMOCRACY?
3. CHAPTER 3
   CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
4. CHAPTER 4
   ELECTORAL POLITICS
5. CHAPTER 5
   WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS
6. CHAPTER 6
   DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS

Contents

1. CHATPER 1
   The Story of Village Palampur
2. CHAPTER 2
   People as Resource
3. CHAPTER 3
   Poverty as a Challenge
4. CHAPTER 4
   Food Security in India

Contents

1. Chapter 1 MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS
2. Chapter 2 IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
3. Chapter 3 ATOMS AND MOLECULES
4. Chapter 4 STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
5. Chapter 5 THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
6. Chapter 6 TISSUES
7. Chapter 7 DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS
8. Chapter 8 MOTION
9. Chapter 9 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION
10. Chapter 10 GRAVITATION
11. Chapter 11 WORK AND ENERGY
12. Chapter 12 SOUND
13. Chapter 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL
14. Chapter 14 NATURAL RESOURCES
15. Chapter 15 IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES

Answers

(History)
India and the Contemporary World II

Contents

1. Section I: Events and Processes
   I. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
   II. The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China
   III. Nationalism in India
2. Section II: Livelihoods, Economies and Societies
   IV. The Making of a Global World
   V. The Age of Industrialisation
   VI. Work, Life and Leisure
3. Section III: Everyday Life, Culture and Politics
   VII. Print Culture and the Modern World
   VIII. Novels, Society and History

Contemporary India—Geography II

Contents

1. Resources and Development
2. Forest and Wildlife Resources
3. Water Resources
4. Agriculture
5. Minerals and Energy Resources
6. Manufacturing Industries
7. Life Lines of National Economy

Appendix–I

Appendix–II

Appendix–III

Appendix

(Political science)

Democratic Politics II

Contents

1. Unit I
   Chapter 1 – Power sharing
   Chapter 2 – Federalism
2. Unit II
   Chapter 3 – Democracy and Diversity
   Chapter 4 – Gender, Religion and Caste
3. Unit III
   Chapter 5 – Popular Struggles and Movements
   Chapter 6 – Political Parties
4. Unit IV
   Chapter 7 – Outcomes of Democracy
   Chapter 8 – Challenges to Democracy

(Economics)

Understanding Economic Development

Contents

1. Development
2. Sectors of the Indian Economy
3. Money and credit
4. Globalisation and Indian Economy
5. Consumer Rights

Contents

1. Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
2. Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
3. Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals
4. Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds
5. Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
6. Chapter 6 Life Processes
7. Chapter 7 Control and Coordination
8. Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
9. Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
10. Chapter 10 Light – Reflection and Refraction
11. Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World
12. Chapter 12 Electricity
13. Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
14. Chapter 14 Sources of Energy
15. Chapter 15 Our Environment
16. Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

Answers

Themes in World History

Contents

1. Chapter 1 – Early Societies
2. Chapter 2 – Empires
3. Chapter 3 – Changing Traditions
4. Chapter 4 – Towards Modernisation

India – Physical Environment

Contents

1. UNIT I : INTRODUCTION
   1. India — Location
2. UNIT II : PHYSIOGRAPHY
   2. Structure and Physiography
   3. Drainage System
3. UNIT III : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND SOIL
   4. Climate
   5. Natural Vegetation
   6. Soils
4. UNIT IV : NATURAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND MANAGEMENT
   7. Natural Hazards and Disasters

Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Contents

1. UNIT I : GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLINE
   1. Geography as a Discipline
2. UNIT II : THE EARTH
   2. The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
   3. Interior of the Earth
   4. Distribution of Oceans and Continents
3. UNIT III : LANDFORMS
   5. Minerals and Rocks
   6. Geomorphic Processes
   7. Landforms and their Evolution
4. UNIT IV : CLIMATE
   8. Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
   9. Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
   10. Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
   11. Water in the Atmosphere
   12. World Climate and Climate Change
5. UNIT V : WATER (OCEANS)
   13. Water (Oceans)
   14. Movements of Ocean Water
6. UNIT VI : LIFE ON THE EARTH
   15. Life on the Earth
   16. Biodiversity and Conservation

Glossary

Political Theory

Contents

1. Political Theory: An Introduction
2. Freedom
3. Equality
4. Social Justice
5. Rights
6. Citizenship
7. Nationalism
8. Secularism
9. Peace
10. Development

Indian Constitution at Work

Contents

1. CONSTITUTION: WHY AND HOW?
2. RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
3. ELECTION AND REPRESENTATION
4. EXECUTIVE
5. LEGISLATURE
6. JUDICIARY
7. FEDERALISM
8. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
9. CONSTITUTION AS A LIVING DOCUMENT
10. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION

Indian Economic Development

Contents

UNIT I – Development Policies and Experience(1947 – 1990)

1. Indian Economy on the eve of Independence

2. Indian Economy(1950 – 1990)

UNIT II – Economic Reforms Since 1991

3. Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation – An Appraisal

UNIT III – Current Challenges facing the Indian Economy

4. Poverty

5. Human Capital formation in India

6. Rural Development

7. Employment – Growth, Informalisation and Other issues

8. Infrastructure

9. Environment and Sustainable Development

UNIT IV – Development Experiences of India: A comparison with Neighbours

10. Development Experiences of India: A comparison with Neighbours

Understanding Society

Contents

1. SOCIAL STRUCTURE, STRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL PROCESSES IN SOCIETY
2. SOCIAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL ORDER IN RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY
3. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY
4. INTRODUCING WESTERN SOCIOLOGISTS
5. INDIAN SOCIOLOGISTS

Introducing Sociology

Contents

1. SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIETY
2. TERMS, CONCEPTS AND THEIR USE IN SOCIOLOGY
3. UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
4. CULTURE AND SOCIALISATION
5. DOING SOCIOLOGY: RESEARCH METHODS

Part I

Contents

1. CHAPTER 1 – PHYSICAL WORLD
   1.1 What is physics ?
   1.2 Scope and excitement of physics
   1.3 Physics, technology and society
   1.4 Fundamental forces in nature
   1.5 Nature of physical laws
2. CHAPTER 2 – UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
   2.1 Introduction
   2.2 The international system of units
   2.3 Measurement of length
   2.4 Measurement of mass
   2.5 Measurement of time
   2.6 Accuracy, precision of instruments and errors in measurement
   2.7 Significant figures
   2.8 Dimensions of physical quantities
   2.9 Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations
   2.10 Dimensional analysis and its applications
3. CHAPTER 3 – MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
   3.1 Introduction
   3.2 Position, path length and displacement
   3.3 Average velocity and average speed
   3.4 Instantaneous velocity and speed
   3.5 Acceleration
   3.6 Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion
   3.7 Relative velocity
4. CHAPTER – MOTION IN PLANE
   4.1 Introduction
   4.2 Scalars and vectors
   4.3 Multiplication of vectors by real numbers
   4.4 Addition and subtraction of vectors graphical method
   4.5 Resolution of vectors
   4.6 Vector addition analytical method
   4.7 Motion in a plane
   4.8 Motion in a plane with constant acceleration
   4.9 Relative velocity in two dimensions
   4.10 Projectile motion
   4.11 Uniform circular motion
5. CHAPTER 5 – LAWS OF MOTION
   5.1 Introduction
   5.2 Aristotle’s fallacy
   5.3 The law of inertia
   5.4 Newton’s first law of motion
   5.5 Newton’s second law of motion
   5.6 Newton’s third law of motion
   5.7 Conservation of momentum
   5.8 Equilibrium of a particle
   5.9 Common forces in mechanics
   5.10 Circular motion
   5.11 Solving problems in mechanics
6. CHAPTER 6 – WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
   6.1 Introduction
   6.2 Notions of work and kinetic energy : The work-energy theorem
   6.3 Work
   6.4 Kinetic energy
   6.5 Work done by a variable force
   6.6 The work-energy theorem for a variable force
   6.7 The concept of potential energy
   6.8 The conservation of mechanical energy
   6.9 The potential energy of a spring
   6.10 Various forms of energy : the law of conservation of energy
   6.11 Power
   6.12 Collisions
7. CHAPTER 7 – SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
   7.1 Introduction
   7.2 Centre of mass
   7.3 Motion of centre of mass
   7.4 Linear momentum of a system of particles
   7.5 Vector product of two vectors
   7.6 Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity
   7.7 Torque and angular momentum
   7.8 Equilibrium of a rigid body
   7.9 Moment of inertia
   7.10 Theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes7.11 Kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis
   7.12 Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis
   7.13 Angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis
   7.14 Rolling motion
8. CHAPTER 8 – GRAVITATION
   8.1 Introduction
   8.2 Kepler’s laws
   8.3 Universal law of gravitation
   8.4 The gravitational constant
   8.5 Acceleration due to gravity of the earth
   8.6 Acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth
   8.7 Gravitational potential energy
   8.8 Escape speed
   8.9 Earth satellite
   8.10 Energy of an orbiting satellite
   8.11 Geostationary and polar satellites
   8.12 Weightlessness

Part II

Contents

1. CHAPTER 9 – MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
   9.1 Introduction
   9.2 Elastic behaviour of solids
   9.3 Stress and strain
   9.4 Hooke’s law
   9.5 Stress-strain curve
   9.6 Elastic moduli
   9.7 Applications of elastic behaviour of materials
2. CHAPTER 10 – MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
   10.1 Introduction
   10.2 Pressure
   10.3 Streamline flow
   10.4 Bernoulli’s principle
   10.5 Viscosity
   10.6 Reynolds number
   10.7 Surface tension
3. CHAPTER 11 – THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
   11.1 Introduction
   11.2 Temperature and heat
   11.3 Measurement of temperature
   11.4 Ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature
   11.5 Thermal expansion
   11.6 Specific heat capacity
   11.7 Calorimetry
   11.8 Change of state
   11.9 Heat transfer
   11.10 Newton’s law of cooling
4. CHAPTER 12 – THERMODYNAMICS
   12.1 Introduction
   12.2 Thermal equilibrium
   12.3 Zeroth law of thermodynamics
   12.4 Heat, internal energy and work
   12.5 First law of thermodynamics
   12.6 Specific heat capacity
   12.7 Thermodynamic state variables and equation of state
   12.8 Thermodynamic processes
   12.9 Heat engines
   12.10 Refrigerators and heat pumps
   12.11 Second law of thermodynamics
   12.12 Reversible and irreversible processes
   12.13 Carnot engine
5. CHAPTER 13 – KINETIC THEORY
   13.1 Introduction
   13.2 Molecular nature of matter
   13.3 Behaviour of gases
   13.4 Kinetic theory of an ideal gas
   13.5 Law of equipartition of energy
   13.6 Specific heat capacity
   13.7 Mean free path
6. CHAPTER 14 – OSCILLATIONS
   14.1 Introduction
   14.2 Periodic and oscilatory motions
   14.3 Simple harmonic motion
   14.4 Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion
   14.5 Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion
   14.6 Force law for simple harmonic motion
   14.7 Energy in simple harmonic motion
   14.8 Some systems executing Simple Harmonic Motion
   14.9 Damped simple harmonic motion
   14.10 Forced oscillations and resonance
7. CHAPTER 15 – WAVES
   15.1 Introduction
   15.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves
   15.3 Displacement relation in a progressive wave
   15.4 The speed of a travelling wave
   15.5 The principle of superposition of waves
   15.6 Reflection of waves
   15.7 Beats
   15.8 Doppler effect

Answers

Themes in Indian History Part I

Contents

1. THEME ONE
   BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES
   The Harappan Civilisation
2. THEME TWO
   KINGS, FARMERS AND TOWNS
   Early States and Economies
   (c.600 BCE-600 CE)
3. THEME THREE
   KINSHIP, CASTE AND CLASS
   Early Societies
   (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)
4. THEME FOUR
   THINKERS, BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS
   Cultural Developments
   (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)

Themes in Indian History Part II

Contents

1. THEME FIVE
   THROUGH THE EYES OF TRAVELLERS
   Perceptions of Society
   (c. tenth to seventeenth century)
2. THEME SIX
   BHAKTI-SUFI TRADITIONS
   Changes in Religious Beliefs
   and Devotional Texts
   (c. eighth to eighteenth century)
3. THEME SEVEN
   AN IMPERIAL CAPITAL: VIJAYANAGARA
   (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century)
4. THEME EIGHT
   PEASANTS, ZAMINDARS AND THE STATE
   Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire
   (c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries)
5. THEME NINE
   KINGS AND CHRONICLES
   The Mughal Courts
   (c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries

Themes in Indian History Part III

Contents

1. THEME TEN
   COLONIALISM AND THE COUNTRYSIDE:
   Exploring Official Archives
2. THEME ELEVEN
   REBELS AND THE RAJ:
   1857 Revolt and its Representations
3. THEME TWELVE
   COLONIAL CITIES:
   Urbanisation, Planning and Architecture
4. THEME THIRTEEN
   MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE
   NATIONALIST MOVEMENT:
   Civil Disobedience and Beyond
5. THEME FOURTEEN
   UNDERSTANDING PARTITION:
   Politics, Memories, Experiences
6. THEME FIFTEEN
   FRAMING THE CONSTITUTION:
   The Beginning of a New Era

Fundamentals of Human Geography

Contents

1. UNIT I
   1. Human Geography
   Nature and Scope
2. UNIT II
   2. The World Population
   Distribution, Density and Growth
   3. Population Composition
   4. Human Development
3. UNIT III
   5. Primary Activities
   6. Secondary Activities
   7. Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
   8. Transport and Communication
   9. International Trade
4. UNIT IV
   10. Human Settlements

Appendice

Glossary

India – People and Economy

Contents

1. Unit I
   1. Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
   2. Migration : Types, Causes and Consequences
   3. Human Development
2. Unit II
   4. Human Settlements
3. Unit III
   5. Land Resources and Agriculture
   6. Water Resources
   7. Mineral and Energy Resources
   8. Manufacturing Industries
   9. Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
4. Unit IV
   10. Transport and Communication
   11. International Trade
5. Unit V
   12. Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

Appendix

Glossary

Contemporary world Politics

Contents

1. Chapter 1
   The Cold War Era
2. Chapter 2
   The End of Bipolarity
3. Chapter 3
   US Hegemony in World Politics
4. Chapter 4
   Alternative Centres of Power
5. Chapter 5
   Contemporary South Asia
6. Chapter 6
   International Organisations
7. Chapter 7
   Security in the Contemporary World
8. Chapter 8
   Environment and Natural Resources
9. Chapter 9
   Globalisation

Macroeconomics

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION
   1.1 Emergence of Macroeconomics
   1.2 Context of the Present Book of Macroeconomics
2. NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING
   2.1 Some Basic Concepts of Macroeconomics
   2.2 Circular Flow of Income and Methods of
   Calculating National Income
   2.2.1 The Product or Value Added Method
   2.2.2 Expenditure Method
   2.2.3 Income Method
   2.3 Some Macroeconomic Identities
   2.4 Goods and Prices
   2.5 GDP and Welfare
3. MONEY AND BANKING
   3.1 Functions of Money
   3.2 Demand for Money
   3.2.1 The Transaction Motive
   3.2.2 The Speculative Motive
   3.3 The Supply of Money
   3.3.1 Legal Definitions: Narrow and Broad Money
   3.3.2 Money Creation by the Banking System
   3.3.3 Instruments of Monetary Policy and the
   Reserve Bank of India
4. INCOME DETERMINATION
   4.1 Ex Ante and Ex Post
   4.2 Movement Along a Curve Versus Shift of a Curve
   4.3 The Short Run Fixed Price Analysis of the Product Market
   4.3.1 A Point on the Aggregate Demand Curve
   4.3.2 Effects of an Autonomous Change on Equilibrium Demand in the Product Market
   4.3.3 The Multiplier Mechanism
5. THE GOVERNMENT: FUNCTIONS AND SCOPE
   5.1 Components of the Government Budget
   5.1.1 The Revenue Account
   5.1.2 The Capital Account
   5.1.3 Measures of Government Deficit
   5.2 Fiscal Policy
   5.2.1 Changes in Government Expenditure
   5.2.2 Changes in Taxes
   5.2.3 Debt
6. OPEN ECONOMY MACROECONOMICS
   6.1 The Balance of Payments
   6.1.1 BoP Surplus and Deficit
   6.2 The Foreign Exchange Market
   6.2.1 Determination of the Exchange Rate
   6.2.2 Flexible Exchange Rates
   6.2.3 Fixed Exchange Rates
   6.2.4 Managed Floating
   6.2.5 Exchange Rate Management: The International Experience
   6.3 The Determination of Income in an Open Economy
   6.3.1 National Income Identity for an Open Economy
   6.3.2 Equilibrium Output and the Trade Balance
   6.4 Trade Deficits, Savings and Investment

Glossary

Part I

Contents

1. CHAPTER ONE – ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
   1.1 Introduction
   1.2 Electric Charges
   1.3 Conductors and Insulators
   1.4 Charging by Induction
   1.5 Basic Properties of Electric Charge
   1.6 Coulomb’s Law
   1.7 Forces between Multiple Charges
   1.8 Electric Field
   1.9 Electric Field Lines
   1.10 Electric Flux
   1.11 Electric Dipole
   1.12 Dipole in a Uniform External Field
   1.13 Continuous Charge Distribution
   1.14 Gauss’s Law
   1.15 Application of Gauss’s Law
2. CHAPTER TWO – ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
   2.1 Introduction
   2.2 Electrostatic Potential
   2.3 Potential due to a Point Charge
   2.4 Potential due to an Electric Dipole
   2.5 Potential due to a System of Charges
   2.6 Equipotential Surfaces
   2.7 Potential Energy of a System of Charges
   2.8 Potential Energy in an External Field
   2.9 Electrostatics of Conductors
   2.10 Dielectrics and Polarisation
   2.11 Capacitors and Capacitance
   2.12 The Parallel Plate Capacitor
   2.13 Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
   2.14 Combination of Capacitors
   2.15 Energy Stored in a Capacitor
   2.16 Van de Graaff Generator
3. CHAPTER THREE – CURRENT ELECTRICITY
   3.1 Introduction
   3.2 Electric Current
   3.3 Electric Currents in Conductors
   3.4 Ohm’s law
   3.5 Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity
   3.6 Limitations of Ohm’s Law
   3.7 Resistivity of various Materials
   3.8 Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
   3.9 Electrical Energy, Power
   3.10 Combination of Resistors — Series and Parallel
   3.11 Cells, emf, Internal Resistance
   3.12 Cells in Series and in Parallel
   3.13 Kirchhoff’s Laws
   3.14 Wheatstone Bridge
   3.15 Meter Bridge
   3.16 Potentiometer
4. CHAPTER FOUR – MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM
   4.1 Introduction
   4.2 Magnetic Force
   4.3 Motion in a Magnetic Field
   4.4 Motion in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields
   4.5 Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law
   4.6 Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop
   4.7 Ampere’s Circuital Law
   4.8 The Solenoid and the Toroid
   4.9 Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere
   4.10 Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole
   4.11 The Moving Coil Galvanometer
5. CHAPTER FIVE – MAGNETISM AND MATTER
   5.1 Introduction
   5.2 The Bar Magnet
   5.3 Magnetism and Gauss’s Law
   5.4 The Earth’s Magnetism
   5.5 Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
   5.6 Magnetic Properties of Materials
   5.7 Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets
6. CHAPTER SIX – ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
   6.1 Introduction
   6.2 The Experiments of Faraday and Henry
   6.3 Magnetic Flux
   6.4 Faraday’s Law of Induction
   6.5 Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy
   6.6 Motional Electromotive Force
   6.7 Energy Consideration: A Quantitative Study
   6.8 Eddy Currents
   6.9 Inductance
   6.10 AC Generator
7. CHAPTER SEVEN – ALTERNATING CURRENT
   7.1 Introduction
   7.2 AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
   7.3 Representation of AC Current and Voltage by
   Rotating Vectors — Phasors
   7.4 AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
   7.5 AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
   7.6 AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
   7.7 Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor
   7.8 LC Oscillations
   7.9 Transformers
8. CHAPTER EIGHT – ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
   8.1 Introduction
   8.2 Displacement Current
   8.3 Electromagnetic Waves
   8.4 Electromagnetic Spectrum
9. Developing Psychological Skills

Answers

Glossary

Psychology Guidelines

Part II

Contents

1. CHAPTER NINE – RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
   9.1 Introduction
   9.2 Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
   9.3 Refraction
   9.4 Total Internal Reflection
   9.5 Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses
   9.6 Refraction through a Prism
   9.7 Dispersion by a Prism
   9.8 Some Natural Phenomena due to Sunlight
   9.9 Optical Instruments
2. CHAPTER TEN – WAVE OPTICS
   10.1 Introduction
   10.2 Huygens Principle
   10.3 Refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens Principle
   10.4 Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
   10.5 Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
   10.6 Diffraction
   10.7 Polarisation
3. CHAPTER ELEVEN – DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
   11.1 Introduction
   11.2 Electron Emission
   11.3 Photoelectric Effect
   11.4 Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
   11.5 Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
   11.6 Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation
   11.7 Particle Nature of Light: The Photon
   11.8 Wave Nature of Matter
   11.9 Davisson and Germer Experiment
4. CHAPTER TWELVE – ATOMS
   12.1 Introduction
   12.2 Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom
   12.3 Atomic Spectra
   12.4 Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
   12.5 The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom
   12.6 DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation
5. CHAPTER THIRTEEN – NUCLEI
   13.1 Introduction
   13.2 Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus
   13.3 Size of the Nucleus
   13.4 Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy
   13.5 Nuclear Force
   13.6 Radioactivity
   13.7 Nuclear Energy
6. CHAPTER FOURTEEN – SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS
   14.1 Introduction
   14.2 Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors
   14.3 Intrinsic Semiconductor
   14.4 Extrinsic Semiconductor
   14.5 p-n Junction
   14.6 Semiconductor diode
   14.7 Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier
   14.8 Special Purpose p-n Junction Diodes
   14.9 Junction Transistor
   14.10 Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
   14.11 Integrated Circuits
7. CHAPTER FIFTEEN – COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
   15.1 Introduction
   15.2 Elements of a Communication System
   15.3 Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems
   15.4 Bandwidth of Signals
   15.5 Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
   15.6 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
   15.7 Modulation and its Necessity
   15.8 Amplitude Modulation
   15.9 Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave
   15.10 Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave

Contents

1. UNIT VI – REPRODUCTION
   Chapter 1 : Reproduction in Organisms
   Chapter 2 : Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
   Chapter 3 : Human Reproduction
   Chapter 4 : Reproductive Health
2. UNIT VII – GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
   Chapter 5 : Principles of Inheritance and Variation
   Chapter 6 : Molecular Basis of Inheritance
   Chapter 7 : Evolution
3. UNIT VIII – BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE
   Chapter 8 : Human Health and Disease
   Chapter 9 : Strategies for Enhancement in
   Food Production
   Chapter 10 : Microbes in Human Welfare
4. UNIT IX – BIOTECHNOLOGY
   Chapter 11 : Biotechnology : Principles and Processes
   Chapter 12 : Biotechnology and its Applications
5. UNIT X – ECOLOGY
   Chapter 13 : Organisms and Populations
   Chapter 14 : Ecosystem
   Chapter 15 : Biodiversity and Conservation
   Chapter 16 : Environmental Issues

Data Processing Concept

Computer Software

Data Communication and Networking

Fundamentals of Internet and Java Programming

Control Statements

Files

Xth Standard Book

Contents

1. Real Numbers
   1.1 Introduction
   1.2 Euclid’s Division Lemma
   1.3 The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
   1.4 Revisiting Irrational Numbers
   1.5 Revisiting Rational Numbers and Their Decimal Expansions
   1.6 Summary
2. Polynomials
   2.1 Introduction
   2.2 Geometrical Meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial
   2.3 Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Polynomial
   2.4 Division Algorithm for Polynomials
   2.5 Summary
3. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
   3.1 Introduction
   3.2 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
   3.3 Graphical Method of Solution of a Pair of Linear Equations
   3.4 Algebraic Methods of Solving a Pair of Linear Equations
   3.4.1 Substitution Method
   3.4.2 Elimination Method
   3.4.3 Cross-Multiplication Method
   3.5 Equations Reducible to a Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
   3.6 Summary
4. Quadratic Equations
   4.1 Introduction
   4.2 Quadratic Equations
   4.3 Solution of a Quadratic Equation by Factorisation
   4.4 Solution of a Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square
   4.5 Nature of Roots
   4.6 Summary
5. Arithmetic Progressions
   5.1 Introduction
   5.2 Arithmetic Progressions
   5.3 nth Term of an AP
   5.4 Sum of First n Terms of an AP
   5.5 Summary
6. Triangles
   6.1 Introduction
   6.2 Similar Figures
   6.3 Similarity of Triangles
   6.4 Criteria for Similarity of Triangles
   6.5 Areas of Similar Triangles
   6.6 Pythagoras Theorem
   6.7 Summary
7. Coordinate Geometry
   7.1 Introduction
   7.2 Distance Formula
   7.3 Section Formula
   7.4 Area of a Triangle
   7.5 Summary
8. Introduction to Trigonometry
   8.1 Introduction
   8.2 Trigonometric Ratios
   8.3 Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specific Angles
   8.4 Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles
   8.5 Trigonometric Identities
   8.6 Summary
9. Some Applications of Trigonometry
   9.1 Introduction
   9.2 Heights and Distances
   9.3 Summary
10. Circles
    10.1 Introduction
    10.2 Tangent to a Circle
    10.3 Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle
    10.4 Summary
11. Constructions
    11.1 Introduction
    11.2 Division of a Line Segment
    11.3 Construction of Tangents to a Circle
    11.4 Summary
12. Areas Related to Circles
    12.1 Introduction
    12.2 Perimeter and Area of a Circle — A Review
    12.3 Areas of Sector and Segment of a Circle
    12.4 Areas of Combinations of Plane Figures
    12.5 Summary
13. Surface Areas and Volumes
    13.1 Introduction
    13.2 Surface Area of a Combination of Solids
    13.3 Volume of a Combination of Solids
    13.4 Conversion of Solid from One Shape to Another
    13.5 Frustum of a Cone
    13.6 Summary
14. Statistics
    14.1 Introduction
    14.2 Mean of Grouped Data
    14.3 Mode of Grouped Data
    14.4 Median of Grouped Data
    14.5 Graphical Representation of Cumulative Frequency Distribution
    14.6 Summary
15. Probability
    15.1 Introduction
    15.2 Probability — A Theoretical Approach
    15.3 Summary

Appendix I

Appendix II

Answers

Xth Standard – Problems

Contents

1. CHAPTER 1 Real Numbers
2. CHAPTER 2 Polynomials
3. CHAPTER 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
4. CHAPTER 4 Quadratic Equations
5. CHAPTER 5 Arithmetic Progressions
6. CHAPTER 6 Triangles
7. CHAPTER 7 Coordinate Geometry
8. CHAPTER 8 Introduction to Trigonometry and its Applications
9. CHAPTER 9 Circles
10. CHAPTER 10 Constructions
11. CHAPTER 11 Area Related to Circles
12. CHAPTER 12 Surface Areas and Volumes
13. CHAPTER 13 Statistics and Probability

Answers